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Что (кто) такое motor neuron - определение
![The [[corticospinal tract]] is one of the major descending pathways from the [[brain]] to the α-MNs of the [[spinal cord]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gray764.png?width=200 "The [[corticospinal tract]] is one of the major descending pathways from the [[brain]] to the α-MNs of the [[spinal cord]].")
![Alpha motor neurons are located in lamina IX according to the [[Rexed lamina system]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Medulla spinalis - Substantia grisea - English.svg?width=200 "Alpha motor neurons are located in lamina IX according to the [[Rexed lamina system]].")
![[[Poliomyelitis]], caused by the [[poliovirus]] seen here, is associated with the selective loss of cells within the ventral horn of the [[spinal cord]], where α-MNs are located.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Polio.jpg?width=200 "[[Poliomyelitis]], caused by the [[poliovirus]] seen here, is associated with the selective loss of cells within the ventral horn of the [[spinal cord]], where α-MNs are located.")
![Under the influence of the protein [[sonic hedgehog]], shown here, cells of the [[floor plate]] of the developing spinal cord differentiate into alpha motor neurons.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Shh structure.png?width=200 "Under the influence of the protein [[sonic hedgehog]], shown here, cells of the [[floor plate]] of the developing spinal cord differentiate into alpha motor neurons.")
Википедия
A motor neuron (or motoneuron or efferent neuron) is a neuron whose cell body is located in the motor cortex, brainstem or the spinal cord, and whose axon (fiber) projects to the spinal cord or outside of the spinal cord to directly or indirectly control effector organs, mainly muscles and glands. There are two types of motor neuron – upper motor neurons and lower motor neurons. Axons from upper motor neurons synapse onto interneurons in the spinal cord and occasionally directly onto lower motor neurons. The axons from the lower motor neurons are efferent nerve fibers that carry signals from the spinal cord to the effectors. Types of lower motor neurons are alpha motor neurons, beta motor neurons, and gamma motor neurons.
A single motor neuron may innervate many muscle fibres and a muscle fibre can undergo many action potentials in the time taken for a single muscle twitch. Innervation takes place at a neuromuscular junction and twitches can become superimposed as a result of summation or a tetanic contraction. Individual twitches can become indistinguishable, and tension rises smoothly eventually reaching a plateau.
